INTRODUCTION
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent cause of
respiratory failure among critically ill patients, characterized by the sudden
onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, and the requirement for
mechanical ventilation. ARDS commonly manifests in the context of pneumonia,
sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or severe trauma, affecting around 10%
of all patients in intensive care units globally. Despite advancements, the
mortality rate remains high at 30–40% in most research studies. Pathological
examinations of ARDS patients frequently indicate widespread alveolar damage,
while laboratory investigations have revealed injury to both alveolar
epithelial and lung endothelial cells, leading to the accumulation of
protein-rich inflammatory edematous fluid in the alveolar space. The diagnosis
is predicated on consensual syndromic criteria, with adjustments for
under-resourced settings and pediatric patients. Therapy primarily centers on
lung-protective ventilation, as no specific pharmacotherapies have been
pinpointed. The long-term implications for patients surviving ARDS are
increasingly being recognized as crucial research targets, given the
substantial number of patients who endure ongoing functional and psychological
sequelae following ARDS survival. Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) represent clinical conditions associated with acute respiratory failure,
characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Long-term quality of life
in survivors of ALI is known to be adversely affected. While recent progress
has been achieved in comprehending the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and
treatment of these conditions, further advancements are imperative to minimize
associated morbidity and mortality. Given the prevalence of this syndrome on a
global scale, it is evidently an unmet medical requirement, necessitating the
development of innovative therapies to enhance clinical outcomes. This Article
analyse the newly evolved treatment technology for curing Acute lung injury
(ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).[1] This
Article analyze how new technology is better than old technology
TREATMENT
Deficiencies in current treatment
Current issue in
treatment: Conventional chest physiotherapy techniques such as postural
drainage and percussion, along with existing devices such as the
"Percussionaire" and "CoughAssist," have been subject to
criticism due to being uncomfortable, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for
certain patient populations, particularly those who have undergone thoracic or
cardiovascular surgery. Current treatments entail employing lung recruitment
maneuvers involving high levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP),
which may result in lung tissue damage and associated complications.
Treatment using vibroacoustic methods
This method was granted patent in 2024 ,
"Vibroresonance-Recruitment-Manoeuvre"
technique could be a game-changer in the treatment of restrictive pulmonary
diseases, offering a comprehensive solution for various types of patients while
minimizing discomfort and preventing further complications. vibroacoustic
effects promote the opening of atelectatic
alveoli, which are collapsed or deflated air sacs in the lungs. This approach
is intended to prevent atelectasis and maintain the alveoli in an open state,
thereby improving lung function in patients with these conditions. The use of
vibroacoustic influence is seen as a safer and more effective alternative to
traditional Lung Recruitment Manoeuvres that rely on high levels of Positive
End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), which can be risky and cause further lung
damage. The divice invented in 2024 helps to prevent atelectasis
and maintain alveoli in an open state without the need for high peak airway
pressure, thus reducing the risk of lung injury.
"Vibroresonance-Recruitment-Manoeuvre"
technique, which applies vibrations and resonance within a frequency range of
20 Hz to 300 Hz, is designed to prevent atelectasis and improve lung volume,
thus reducing the risk of hypostatic pneumonia and other complications. This
method can be used in conjunction with artificial pulmonary ventilation or
non-invasive ventilation, tailored to the patient's condition.
The newly invented device, which can replace manual chest
massages, significantly enhances sputum evacuation efficiency, reducing
treatment sessions to less than 5 minutes. It features a main module with
interchangeable transducers that generate complex modulating signals for
optimal physiological effect. The device is versatile, allowing for application
through clothing and adjustment for different patient conditions, including
synchronization with respiratory cycles.
The
“"Vibrowrap," facility which is
an attachment with vibroacoustic transducers in two arms, designed for
bedridden patients or those with chest wall injuries. It can be positioned to
target specific lung areas and is made of easy-to-clean, disinfectable
materials to prevent bacterial contamination.
The invention includes
various embodiments for different patient positions and conditions, with
in-built optical sensors to ensure proper contact and prevent premature wear.
The device is customizable with pre-installed treatment programs for various
pulmonary diseases.[2]
[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-019-0069-0
accessed on 24 June 2024 see also https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133560/
[2] https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019240665
accessed on 24/06/2024
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